"No, War Is Not Inevitable"

Comments of a Demented, Out-of-Clue, Naive Person? I did a double take. Was Pope Leo okay? What on earth is he talking about? After all, the numbers are brutal. According to Lawrence Keeley in War Before Civilization , 90–95% of societies have engaged in war at some point in history. Hard to argue with those numbers. But Raymond C. Kelly, in Warless Societies and the Origin of War , challenges that view. He suggests war isn’t universal. Many early societies thrived on peaceful relationships — trade, intermarriage, and shared work. War came later, he argues, once wealth accumulated and fences were built. So, which is it? Are we born to war, or are we just stuck in the current story? At first, I dismissed Pope Leo’s sentiment as naïve. “War is not inevitable?” Come on. But the more I sat with it, the more it gnawed at me. Maybe he’s not entirely wrong. Maybe he's saying something we've forgo...